Ka hor qabsashadii gumesytayaasha reer Yurub ee qaarada Afrika, Ogaadeeniya waxay ahayd wadan ka mid ah shacab weynihii Soomaaliyeed ee loo qaybiyey shanta, hadana kala ah Soomaaliya, DJabouti, Waqooyi bari Kenya iyo Ogaadeeniya. Haddii aan soo koobno taariikhda gumeysiga iyo qaybintii dhulkii Soomaaliyeed.
1883-1887 qaybsigii Afrika ee reer Yurub waxay Soomaalida u kala qaybiyeen Ingririis, Faransiis iyo Talyaani. Talaabo aanay qaadeen dawlad Afrikaan ah ayuu ku dhaqaaqay boqorkii Abasiiniya ee la oran jiray Mililikhii labaad oo ahayd ka qayb galka qaybsiga Afrika ee gumeystayaashii reer Yurub. Iyagoo gumeystayaasha reer Yurub eegaya danahooda ah in ay gacanta ku dhigaan wadamada la deriska ah Mililikh ayay soo dhaweeyeen, heshiisyo hoosena lagaleen. 1887, Harar magaalo madaxdii gobolka Ogaadeeniya ayay Abasiiniya qabsatay. 1885-1908 Ingiriiska iyo Talyaanigu waxay jabiyeen heshiiskii ilaalinta Ogaadeeniya iyagoo gacanta u galiyay si qarsoodi ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya. 1895-1922 Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan ayaa wuxuu dagaal hubeysan ku qaaday gumeystayaashii ilaa intii uu ka shihiidayey. 1948 Ingiriisku wuxuu heshiis la galay Abasiiniya kuna wareejiyay waddanka Ogaadeeniya. 1954 Ingiriisku wuxuu ku wareejiyay qaybtii u danbeysay ee Ogaadeeniya dawlada Itoobiya.
Taariikhdaas kooban kadib, qofwalba wuxuu dhashaa isagoo xor ah oo madax banaan, qofna looma abuurin in asaagii adoonsado. Hadana taariikhda aadamiga sida ku cad waxaa mar walba jiray is cadaadis, isku dul noolaansho, gumeysi iyo xornimo raadis ka soo horjeeda intaas. Gumeysigu sidiisaba waa qabsasho xoog shisheeye dhul iyo dad uusan lahayn, kana hor istaaga xaqa ay u leeyihiin horumarka dhaqan dhaqaale, bulsheed iyo xoriyada aasaasiga ah ee aadanimo. Inkastoo gumeysigu leeyahay magacyo iyo noocyo kaleba, hadana mida maanta ka taagan Ogaadeeniya waa tan kor ku xusan. Waxaa kaloo taariikhdu ina baraysaa in markasta xaalada gumeysigu abuurto in dadka la gumeystaa layimaadaan iska caabin iyo falal lidi ku ah gumeysiga. Falaalkaas oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada masiibadu ku habsatay ay kaga horjeedo gumeysiga si ay isaga tuurto, una helaan xuquuqdooda aayo ka tashi, una gaadhaan horumar dhanwalba ah.
Dhaqdhaqaaqa xornimo doonka ah iyo iska caabinta gumeysigu, wuxuu yeeshaa hogaamin mideysan oo ka soo dhexbaxda kana turjumeysa rabista shacabka xornimo doonka ah. Hogaamintaasi waxay ku soo shaac baxdaa kartida iyo tayada dheeraadka ah ee ay muujiyaan shacabka la gumeysto oo salka ku haysa awoodooda hogaamin. Hogaamintu waxay ku hubeysan tahay aragti iyo khad siyaasadeed oo ku saleysan duruufaha shacabka la gumeysto iyo midka gumeystaba. Hogaaminta hadafkeedu yahay xornimo gaarsiinta shacabka dulman waxaa saldhig u ah in lahelo nidaam xisbi ama jabhadeed oo ku gaashaaman
• Hadaf xornimodoon siyaasadeed oo tawri ah
• Dhaqaale madax banaan oo wadani ah
• Shacab baraarugsan una heelan halganka
• Ciidan xoogan oo tayo sare leh
Hadafka siyaasiga tawriga ahi waa xeerka iyo barnaamijka siyaasiga ah oo habsami u fulintiisu horseedayso in halganka shacabka gobanimo doonku qabsado jid cad oo uu ku xawaareeyo hayaanka halganku. Hadafkaasi waa in uu ku saleysan yahay duruufaha iyo xaaladaha dhabta ah ee shacabka lagumesyto iyo gumeystuhu ku sugan yahay. Hadafkaas oo jaangooyo hufan loo adeegsado wuxuu soo jiidayaa taageerada shacabka Ogaadeeniya iyo caalamkaba. Hadafkaa siyaasiga ah la’aantiis guul lama beegsado, balse waxay keeneysaa majaro habow, kala qaybsanaan iyo jaha wareer.
Dhaqaaluhu waa shidaalka matoorka halganka, hadaan lahelin ama la adeegsan dhaqaale madax banaan, wuxuu halganku noqon mid cadowga u garbo duuban. Sidaa darteed dhaqaalaha halganku waa in uu ku tiirsan yahay shacabka iyo qayraadka dhulkeena oo qorshe dhaqaale oo jaango’an loo sameeyay, si loogu adeego horumarinta halganka iyo wacyigalinta bulshada. Kobcinta halganka iyo socodsiintiisa, waxaa dabooli kara oo kaliya hantida bulshada reer Ogaadeeniya, halgankeenuna waa in uu ku tiirsanaadaa maanka, muruqa iyo maalka umadda reer Ogaadeeniya, sida ay Soomaalidu ku maahmaahdo ”Biyo sacabadaada ayaa lagaga dhargaa” sidaas daraadeed dhaqaalaha halganku waa in uu ku tiirsan yahay shacabka iyo dhulka Ogaadeeniya.
Horumarka iyo xawaaraha halganku wuxuu si toos ah ugu xidhan yahay heerka baraaruga shacabku gaadhay, hadaba si heerka halganku kor ugu kaco, guushana uu u haleelo, waa in la bisleeyo kasmada iyo garaadka siyaasiga ah ee shacabka reer Ogaadeeniya iyadoo la adeegsanayo khadka tawriga ah iyo siyaasadda hogaamintu u dajisay halganka. Baraarugsanaanta shacabku waxay keenaysaa isku duubni iyo mintidnimo ku hayaamisa shacabka toobiyaha toosan, markaasna waa hubaal in uu halganku gaadhayo guusha xornimada uu hiigdsanayo.
Ciidan tayo leh waa jidka umadda gobonimo doonka ahi ku gaarto xornimada ay higsanayso, waa gaadiidka umaddu ku guureyso ee ay ku geedi galeyso. Ciidanka xoreyntu waa in uu lahaadaa layli sare iyo aqoon ciidan oo tayo sare leh iyadoo lagu qalabeynayo aragtida guud ee halganka, gaar ahaan istaraajiyada iyo xeeladaha dagaalka. Ciidankaas oo ka soo dhex baxay shacabka waa inuu haystaa taageerada shacabka. Ciidanka qaab jabhadeed u dagaalamayaa waa in uu leeyahay karti iyo awood tayo leh, waana in uu helaa daryeel fiican hadba intii awoodu saamaxdo, madaama uu yahay gaadiidka uu halganku ku guurayo oo lantiis ayna suuro gal ahayn in la gaaro yoolka xornimada.
Halganka Ogaadeeniya oo soo taxnaa ilaa iyo markuu gumeysigu qabsaday marnaba uma ebyamin hada ka hor gundhiga qodobada asaasiga u ah ee aan kor ku soo xusnay. Inkastoo dareenka shacabka iyo abaabulka ciidanka xornimo doonku uu had iyo goor sareeyay, waxaan marnaba jirin JWXO ka hor khad tawri siyaasi ah iyo dhaqaale madax banaan, taasoo wiiqaysay ilaa iyo maantana turun turaynaysa habsami u socodka hayaanka halganka xornimo doonka Ogaadeeniya.
Sida taariikhdu inoo tilmaamayso halganka shacabka Ogaadeeniya wuxuu bilowday soo galitaankii Abasiiniya dhulka Ogaadeeniya, waxaana lagu tilmaamaa in uu yahay halgankii ugu horeeyay ee Afrika, waxaanu soo maray heerar kala duwan. Abasiiniya oo had iyo goor damaceedu ahaa in ay qabsato dhulka Soomaalida oo idil, waxay geed dheer iyo mid gaaban u fuushay sidii ay dhulka Ogaadeeniya u qabsan lahayd, taasna waxay u soo gashay dadaal dheer, sida inay u habar wacato xooggag shisheeye iyadoo ku beer laxawsanaysa diin, inay ka qeyb gashay shirkii Baarliin, ee lagu qaybsanayay qaarada Afrika. Iyadoo gumeystayaashii reer Yurub gacan ku siisay qaybsashadii Afrika si ay ugu gacan siyaan hamigeeda qabsashada Ogaadeeniya. Inkastoo ay Abasiiniya ahayd boqortooyo da’weyn, isla markaana ay haysatay ciidamo, ayna caawinayeen qaar kamid ah dawladihii reer Yurub ugu xooga badnaa, hadana kuma ay guuleysan iney qabsato dhulka Ogaadeeniya muddo dhowr boqol oo sano ah. Shacabka Ogaadeeniya oo ah shacab gumeysi diida, islaamna ah, marna isuma dhiibin gumeysiga Abasiiniya, wuxuuna ilaa markii uu gumeysigu soo galay gayiga Ogaadeeniya ilaa maanta ku jiraa halgan xornimo doona. Halgankaas oo soomaray dhibaatooyin duruufeed iyo kuwa siyaasadeedba, cadawguna u maleegayo shirqoolo uu ku tirtiro waligiis, hadana marna uma suuro galin in uu halganku sii xoogaysto mooyee.
Wuxuuna shirqoolada iyo cadaadiska cadowaga uu shacabka reer Ogaadeeniya ka dhaxlay adkeysi iyo bisayl halgameed oo gaaray meeshii ugu sareysay lana loodin karin. Dhiidhigii gumeysi diidnimo ee shacabka iyo waayo aragnimadii halganeed ee la koror saday, waxay shacabka Ogaadeeniya ku hogaamisay in ay tiirarka ugu qotomiyaan halgankii hubeysnaa ee OLF 1963. Halgankaas hubeysani wuxuu cadawga ku dhuftay dharbaaxooyin kulul, wuxuuna gaarsiiyay heer uu ku ladi waayo gayiga Ogaadeeniya. Sidoo kale dareenka iyo doonista shacabka Ogaadeeniya meelkasta oo uu joogayba waxay dhalisay dhisidii WSLF. Hogaamintaas oo horseeday in umadda Ogaadeeniya gasho halgan hubeysan oo aad u kharaar, kuna guuleystay in cadowga laga xoreeyo 97% gayiag Ogaadeeniya. Mase noqon guul lagu raago, waxaana sabab u ahayd khad siyaasadeed iyo hufnaan maamul oon jirin. Taasoo halganka dhaxal siisay kala daadsanaan iyo dib u dhac guud. Ciidamadii xoreynta waxaa loo kala dajiyay qaab qabiil iyo gobolaysi, taasoo keentay midnimo la’aan iyo iska hor imaad gaadhay heer dadweynihii gumeysi diidka ahaa xabadda iskula soo jeesto, waxaana batay dhaca iyo boobka hantida halganka.
Dhibaatooyinkaasi waxay keeneen in shacabku ka rajo dhigo WSLF, waxaanay dhalisay dhismaha ONLF 1984, ee ku saleysan mabda isku-tashiga, waxayna ONLF cadeysay in aan marnaba laga noqonayn wakiil qadiyada Ogaadeeniya. Markii lagu dhawaaqay ONLF si buuxda ayay u heshay kalsoonida shacabka Ogaadeeniya oo marnaba aan ka rajo dhigin halganka xornimo doonka. Inkastoo ayna ONLF lafteeda ka maqnayn dhibaatooyinkii hor taagnaa halgamadii ka horeeyay, haddana waxay runtu tahay iney hayso dhabbahii gundhiga u ahaa halganka, tahayna cida kaliya ee maanta u taagan qadiyadda una baahan taageerada xoogaga kala duwan ee shacabka reer Ogaadeeniya.
Gabo gabdii, halganka shacabka Ogaadeeniay wuxuu soo maray dhibaatooyin fara badan oo kaga imanayay dhinacyo badan, waxaa kale oo la soo maray khaladaad iyo jaho wareer badan. Wakhtigan aynu joognana xoogag badan ayaa isku dayaya sidii halganka shacabka Ogaadeeniya loo wiikhi lahaa. Guud ahaan waa waqti ay duruufo kala gedisani jiraan, waana waqti loo baahan yahay qorshe cilmiyeysan iyo khad siyaasadeed oo lagu xalliyo mashaakillada jira lagagana hortago wixii halganka dhibaatooyin u keeni kara.
ONA.
Before the European colonisers occupied the African continent, Ogadenia was a country that formed part of the great Somali nation that was divided into five, which are now Somalia, Djibouti, North Eastern Kenya and Ogadenia. Let us summarise the history of colonialism and the partition of the Somali land.
In 1883-1887, during the European partition of Africa, they divided the Somalis among the British, the French and the Italians. In a step that no African state had taken, the king of Abyssinia, known as Menelik II, took part in the partition of Africa by the European colonisers. The European colonisers, looking to their own interests of gaining control over the neighbouring countries, welcomed Menelik and entered into secret agreements with him. In 1887, Abyssinia captured Harar, the capital of the Ogadenia region. In 1885-1908, Britain and Italy broke the treaty for the protection of Ogadenia, secretly handing it over to the kingdom of Abyssinia. From 1895 to 1922, Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan waged an armed war against the colonisers until he passed away. In 1948, Britain signed an agreement with Abyssinia and transferred the country of Ogadenia to it. In 1954, Britain handed over the last part of Ogadenia to the Ethiopian state.
Following that brief history, every person is born free and independent, and no one was created to enslave his fellow man. Yet, as human history makes clear, there has always been oppression, living off one another, colonialism, and, opposing all of that, the pursuit of freedom. Colonialism, by its very nature, is the forcible occupation by a foreign power of land and people that it does not own, and it obstructs their right to cultural, economic and social progress and to fundamental human freedoms. Although colonialism has other names and forms, the one that exists in Ogadenia today is the one mentioned above. History also teaches us that whenever colonialism creates such a situation, the colonised people respond with resistance and actions against colonialism. That response is the movement of the society struck by calamity opposing colonialism in order to throw it off, to obtain their right to self-determination, and to achieve progress in every respect.
The freedom movement and the resistance to colonialism develop a united leadership that emerges from among, and reflects the will of, the freedom-seeking people. That leadership comes to the fore through the exceptional ability and quality shown by the colonised people, which is the basis of their capacity to lead. The leadership is armed with a vision and a political line based on the conditions of both the colonised people and the coloniser. A leadership whose goal is to bring freedom to an oppressed people must be founded on a party or front system that is equipped with
• A revolutionary political goal of freedom
• An independent national economy
• An aware people committed to the struggle
• A strong army of high quality
The revolutionary political goal is the political charter and programme whose smooth implementation leads the struggle of the freedom-seeking people onto a clear path along which the journey of the struggle can accelerate. That goal must be based on the real conditions and circumstances in which the colonised people and the coloniser find themselves. That goal, when used as a clear guideline, will attract the support of the people of Ogadenia and of the world. Without that political goal, victory cannot be aimed at; rather, its absence leads to loss of direction, division and confusion.
The economy is the fuel of the engine of the struggle; if an independent economy is not obtained or used, the struggle will become one that is bound hand and foot to the enemy. Therefore, the economy of the struggle must depend on the people and the resources of our land, with a well-defined economic plan drawn up, so that it can be used to advance the struggle and raise the awareness of society. The growth and sustaining of the struggle can only be covered by the wealth of the Ogadenia community, and our struggle must rely on the mind, the muscle and the wealth of the Ogadenia nation, as the Somali proverb says, "One quenches one's thirst with the water in one's own palms." Therefore, the economy of the struggle must depend on the people and the land of Ogadenia.
The progress and speed of the struggle are directly linked to the level of awareness the people have reached. So, in order for the level of the struggle to rise and for it to achieve victory, the political understanding and consciousness of the people of Ogadenia must be matured, using the revolutionary line and the policy that the leadership has laid down for the struggle. The awareness of the people brings unity and militancy that keep the people moving along the right path, and then it is certain that the struggle will achieve the victory of freedom it is aiming for.
A quality army is the path by which a freedom-seeking nation reaches the freedom it aspires to; it is the vehicle on which the nation moves and makes its journey. The liberation army must have high training and high-quality military knowledge, while being equipped with the overall vision of the struggle, especially the strategy and tactics of war. That army, which has emerged from among the people, must have the support of the people. An army fighting in guerrilla fashion must have quality skills and strength, and it must receive good care to the extent that resources allow, since it is the vehicle on which the struggle travels and without which it is not possible to reach the goal of freedom.
The struggle of Ogadenia, which has continued ever since colonialism occupied it, had never before fulfilled the fundamental elements mentioned above. Although the sentiment of the people and the mobilisation of the freedom fighters were always high, before the ONLF there was never a revolutionary political line or an independent economy, which weakened, and to this day still hampers, the smooth progress of the journey of Ogadenia's freedom struggle.
As history shows us, the struggle of the people of Ogadenia began with Abyssinia's entry into the land of Ogadenia; it is described as the first struggle in Africa, and it has gone through various stages. Abyssinia, whose ambition was always to occupy all the Somali land, resorted to every possible means to occupy the land of Ogadenia, and it made great efforts towards that, such as calling on foreign powers for help by appealing to them in the name of religion, and taking part in the Berlin Conference at which the African continent was partitioned. The European colonisers lent it a hand in the partition of Africa in order to help it realise its ambition of occupying Ogadenia. Although Abyssinia was an ancient kingdom that had armies and was being assisted by some of the most powerful European states, it did not succeed in occupying the land of Ogadenia for several hundred years. The people of Ogadenia, a people who reject colonialism and are Muslim, never surrendered to Abyssinian colonialism, and from the time colonialism entered the territory of Ogadenia until today they have been engaged in a freedom struggle. That struggle has gone through hardships of circumstance and of politics, and the enemy has always devised conspiracies to wipe it out, yet these have only ever made the struggle grow stronger.
From the conspiracies and pressure of the enemy, the people of Ogadenia have inherited resilience and a maturity in struggle that has reached the highest and most unrivalled level. The people's stubborn rejection of colonialism and the accumulated experience of struggle led the people of Ogadenia to lay the foundations of the armed struggle of the OLF in 1963. That armed struggle dealt the enemy painful blows and brought it to a point where it could find no comfort in the territory of Ogadenia. Likewise, the sentiment and will of the people of Ogadenia wherever they were gave rise to the founding of the WSLF. That leadership led the nation of Ogadenia into a very bitter armed struggle and succeeded in liberating 97% of the territory of Ogadenia from the enemy. However, it was not a lasting victory, and the reason was the absence of a political line and of transparent administration. This left the struggle with fragmentation and a general setback. The liberation forces were organised along clan and regional lines, which led to a lack of unity and to clashes that reached the point where the anti-colonial public turned their guns on one another, and looting and plundering of the struggle's assets became widespread.
These problems caused the people to lose hope in the WSLF, and led to the founding of the ONLF in 1984, based on the principle of self-reliance, and the ONLF made clear that it would never cease to be the representative of the cause of Ogadenia. When the ONLF was proclaimed, it fully gained the confidence of the people of Ogadenia, who never lost hope in the freedom struggle. Although the ONLF itself was not free from the problems that had stood in the way of the earlier struggles, the truth is that it holds the path that was the foundation of the struggle, and that it is the only party standing today for the cause and in need of the support of the various forces of the people of Ogadenia.
In conclusion, the struggle of the people of Ogadenia has gone through many hardships coming from many directions, and it has also gone through many mistakes and much confusion. At this time we are in, many forces are trying to weaken the struggle of the people of Ogadenia. In general, it is a time of varying circumstances, and it is a time that requires a scientific plan and a political line with which to resolve existing problems and to prevent whatever could bring harm to the struggle.
ONA.
AI translation from the Somali original. In case of doubt, the Somali text is authoritative.
